Int J Clin Pediatr

International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, ISSN 1927-1255 print, 1927-1263 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Int J Clin Pediatr and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.theijcp.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 3, September 2014, pages 79-85

Study of Nucleated Red Blood Cell Counts in Asphyxiated Newborns and the Fetal Outcome

**Table 1.** Distribution of Babies According to NRBCs
NRBCs/100 WBCs	Cases	Control
0 - 10	37	52.86%	66	94.29%
11 - 30	20	28.58%	4	5.71%
31 - 50	9	12.84%	0	0.00%
51 - 70	2	2.86%	0	0.00%
> 71	2	2.86%	0	0.00%
Total	70	100%	70	100%

Table 1. Distribution of Babies According to NRBCs

NRBCs/100 WBCs

Cases

Control

Number

Percentage

Number

Percentage

0 - 10

52.86%

94.29%

11 - 30

28.58%

5.71%

31 - 50

12.84%

0.00%

51 - 70

2.86%

0.00%

> 71

2.86%

0.00%

Total

100%

**Table 2.** Distribution of Cases According to Stages of HIE
Stage of HIE	Number	Percentage
No	29	41.43%
Stage I	10	14.28%
Stage II	22	31.43%
Stage III	9	12.86%

Table 2. Distribution of Cases According to Stages of HIE

Stage of HIE

Number

Percentage

41.43%

Stage I

14.28%

Stage II

31.43%

Stage III

12.86%

**Table 3.** Distribution of Babies According to Clinical Characteristics
Clinical characteristics	Cases (n = 70)	Control (n = 70)	t	P
Number of babies	70	70	-	-
Birth weight (g)	2,569.11 ± 511.50	2,751.78 ± 349.62	2.467	0.01
Gestational age (weeks)	38.21 ± 2.39	38.93 ± 1.46	2.12	0.03
APGAR at 1 min	3.86 ± 0.95	7.5 ± 0.53	24.95	< 0.0001
APGAR at 5 min	6.31 ± 0.91	9.51 ± 0.50	25.75	< 0.0001
Maternal age	24.44 ± 3.62	24.94 ± 2.75	0.92	0.359

Table 3. Distribution of Babies According to Clinical Characteristics

Clinical characteristics

Cases (n = 70)

Control (n = 70)

Number of babies

Birth weight (g)

2,569.11 ± 511.50

2,751.78 ± 349.62

2.467

0.01

Gestational age (weeks)

38.21 ± 2.39

38.93 ± 1.46

2.12

0.03

APGAR at 1 min

3.86 ± 0.95

7.5 ± 0.53

24.95

< 0.0001

APGAR at 5 min

6.31 ± 0.91

9.51 ± 0.50

25.75

< 0.0001

Maternal age

24.44 ± 3.62

24.94 ± 2.75

0.92

0.359

**Table 4.** Distribution of Babies According to Laboratory Characteristics
Laboratory characteristics	Cases (n = 70)	Control (n = 70)	t	P
Hemoglobin (mg/dL)	16.38 ± 1.90	15.68 ± 1.45	2.43	0.01
TLC	21,257.79 ± 7,788.9	14,343.78 ± 3,987.3	6.61	< 0.001
Polymorphs	62.67 ± 15.19	65.38 ± 12.77	1.14	0.254
Lymphocytes	35.75 ± 13.47	32.96 ±13.11	1.24	0.217
Eosinophils	0.98 ± 1.79	1.59 ± 2.40	1.67	0.096
Monocytes	0.042 ± 0.27	0.00	-	-
Hemotocrit	50.46 ± 6.43	49.34 ± 4.35	1.205	0.230
Platelets	1.902 ± 0.64	1.90 ± 0.79	0.023	0.984
NRBCs/100 WBCs	17.43 ± 19.86	2.97 ± 4.79	5.919	< 0.0001

Table 4. Distribution of Babies According to Laboratory Characteristics

Laboratory characteristics

Cases (n = 70)

Control (n = 70)

Hemoglobin (mg/dL)

16.38 ± 1.90

15.68 ± 1.45

2.43

0.01

TLC

21,257.79 ± 7,788.9

14,343.78 ± 3,987.3

6.61

< 0.001

Polymorphs

62.67 ± 15.19

65.38 ± 12.77

1.14

0.254

Lymphocytes

35.75 ± 13.47

32.96 ±13.11

1.24

0.217

Eosinophils

0.98 ± 1.79

1.59 ± 2.40

1.67

0.096

Monocytes

0.042 ± 0.27

0.00

Hemotocrit

50.46 ± 6.43

49.34 ± 4.35

1.205

0.230

Platelets

1.902 ± 0.64

1.90 ± 0.79

0.023

0.984

NRBCs/100 WBCs

17.43 ± 19.86

2.97 ± 4.79

5.919

< 0.0001

**Table 5.** Correlation Coefficient of APGAR at 1 Minute and NRBCs
Parameter	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	SD	r	P
APGAR at 1 min	0	5	3.814	1.054	-0.4396	0.0001
NRBCs	0	92	17.428	19.863

Table 5. Correlation Coefficient of APGAR at 1 Minute and NRBCs

Parameter

Minimum

Maximum

Mean

APGAR at 1 min

3.814

1.054

-0.4396

0.0001

NRBCs

17.428

19.863

**Table 6.** Correlation Coefficient of APGAR at 5 Minutes and NRBCs
Parameter	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	SD	r	P
APGAR at 5 min	4	7	6.314	0.909	-0.4544	< 0.0001
NRBCs	0	92	17.428	19.863

Table 6. Correlation Coefficient of APGAR at 5 Minutes and NRBCs

Parameter

Minimum

Maximum

Mean

APGAR at 5 min

6.314

0.909

-0.4544

< 0.0001

NRBCs

17.428

19.863

**Table 7.** NRBC Count According to the Stage of HIE
NRBCs/100 WBCs	No HIE	Stage I	Stage II	Stage III
Minimum	0.00	0.00	5.00	14.00
Maximum	25.00	28.00	63.00	92.00
Mean	4.48	11.10	25.95	45.55
SD	6.180	9.036	17.622	25.880

Table 7. NRBC Count According to the Stage of HIE

NRBCs/100 WBCs

No HIE

Stage I

Stage II

Stage III

Minimum

0.00

5.00

14.00

Maximum

25.00

28.00

63.00

92.00

Mean

4.48

11.10

25.95

45.55

6.180

9.036

17.622

25.880

**Table 8.** Multiple Comparison Between HIE Stages and NRBCs
Groups	Mean deviation	q	P
No HIE vs. stage I	-6.617	1.772	> 0.05
No HIE vs. stage II	-21.472	7.459	< 0.001
No HIE vs. stage III	-40.073	10.315	< 0.001
Stage I vs. stage II	-14.855	3.825	< 0.05
Stage I vs. stage III	-33.456	7.152	< 0.001
Stage II vs. stage III	-18.601	4.617	< 0.01

Table 8. Multiple Comparison Between HIE Stages and NRBCs

Groups

Mean deviation

No HIE vs. stage I

-6.617

1.772

> 0.05

No HIE vs. stage II

-21.472

7.459

< 0.001

No HIE vs. stage III

-40.073

10.315

< 0.001

Stage I vs. stage II

-14.855

3.825

< 0.05

Stage I vs. stage III

-33.456

7.152

< 0.001

Stage II vs. stage III

-18.601

4.617

< 0.01

**Table 9.** Comparison of NRBCs With Stages of HIE in Various Studies
HIE Stage	NRBCs
No HIE	7.25 ± 5.32	0	9.75	4.48 ± 6.18
HIE I	10.43 ± 3.68	5.61	11.94	11.10 ± 9.03
HIE II	18.63 ± 3.22	8.25	21.08	25.95 ± 17.62
HIE III	30.83 ± 4.49	12.42	29.18	45.55 ± 25.88
P	0.001	< 0.000	< 0.001	< 0.0001

Table 9. Comparison of NRBCs With Stages of HIE in Various Studies

HIE Stage

NRBCs

Shivaprakash et al (2013) [15]

SJ Fern et al (2004) [20]

Boskabadi et al (2010) [7]

Present study

No HIE

7.25 ± 5.32

9.75

4.48 ± 6.18

HIE I

10.43 ± 3.68

5.61

11.94

11.10 ± 9.03

HIE II

18.63 ± 3.22

8.25

21.08

25.95 ± 17.62

HIE III

30.83 ± 4.49

12.42

29.18

45.55 ± 25.88

0.001

< 0.000

< 0.001

< 0.0001